Hindustan Construction Company (HCC), a leading engineering, procurement, and construction (EPC) firm in India's nuclear sector, is making a strategic entry into Light Water Reactors (LWRs). This move is a pivotal part of India's broader nuclear energy roadmap, which aims for a substantial increase in power generation capacity by 2047.
India's Nuclear Energy Expansion Plans
India has set an ambitious target to generate nearly 100 GW of nuclear power by 2047. Currently, the nation's nuclear capacity stands at 8.78 GW, with projections to reach approximately 22 GW by 2031-32. Beyond 2032, the Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited (NPCIL) plans to add another 32 GW, comprising indigenous Pressurized Heavy Water Reactors (PHWRs) and LWRs, bringing the total to about 54 GW by 2047.
The remaining 46 GW required to meet the 100 GW target is expected to be developed through contributions from other public sector enterprises (central and state), state governments, the private sector, and joint ventures.
HCC's Role and the Shift to LWRs
HCC has historically been a dominant player, having constructed 14 of India's 24 operational nuclear reactors, accounting for over 65% of the country's existing nuclear power plants. The company anticipates a significant nuclear program unfolding over the next 10 to 12 years and positions itself to capitalize on this growth by venturing into LWR technology.
LWRs are the most prevalent type of nuclear reactors globally, utilizing ordinary water as both a moderator and coolant. In contrast, India's nuclear fleet has predominantly relied on PHWRs, which use heavy water.
Private Sector Participation and Indigenous Development
The Department of Atomic Energy (DAE) is prioritizing the accelerated fabrication of an Indian LWR. The design phase for a 900 MWe LWR reportedly began in 2015, and officials suggest that the availability of a homegrown LWR, alongside the established PHWR fleet, will enhance India's negotiating leverage with foreign reactor suppliers, potentially securing more favorable import terms.
A key enabler for private sector involvement is the Sustainable Harnessing and Advancement of Nuclear Energy for Transforming India (SHANTI) Act, 2025. Since its passage, HCC has observed considerable interest from private entities seeking collaboration within the nuclear sector, signaling a new era of expanded participation in India's strategic energy infrastructure.