Union Road Transport and Highways Minister Nitin Gadkari has addressed concerns regarding the compatibility of E20 fuel with older vehicles, stating that only a limited category of Bharat Stage (BS)-III vehicles might require minor modifications. He provided this information in a written reply to the Rajya Sabha.
E20 Fuel Rollout and Vehicle Compatibility
E20 petrol, a blend of 20% ethanol and 80% petrol, has been progressively rolled out across India as part of the government's ethanol blending program. This initiative has prompted questions from vehicle owners, particularly those with older models, about potential engine damage, fuel system issues, or reduced mileage.
Gadkari confirmed that extensive testing has revealed no significant performance variations or abnormal wear-and-tear in most legacy vehicles when operated with E20 fuel. He stated, "Studies have not shown any need to modify the car and two-wheeler engines." Furthermore, no issues concerning drivability, startability, or material compatibility (metal and plastic) have been reported.
Specifics for BS-III Vehicles
However, the Minister acknowledged that a narrow segment of older vehicles might indeed need attention. "Only in case of testing done on BS-III vehicles introduced from 1st April, 2005, and manufactured before 2016, some rubber parts and gaskets may require replacement," Gadkari explained. He assured that such replacements are minor and can be easily managed during routine vehicle servicing.
Fuel Efficiency and Extensive Testing
Regarding concerns about fuel efficiency, Gadkari clarified that mileage is influenced by a multitude of factors beyond just the type of fuel used. Automobile manufacturers and vehicle-testing agencies support this view, indicating that linking mileage exclusively to E20 fuel is inaccurate.
The government's decision to implement E20 petrol followed comprehensive evaluations by an Inter-Ministerial Committee (IMC), constituted by NITI Aayog in December 2020. This committee, supported by studies from organizations like Indian Oil Corporation (IOCL), Automotive Research Association of India (ARAI), and Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers (SIAM), assessed engine durability, material compatibility, fuel systems, emissions, and fuel efficiency before recommending the nationwide transition.
This clarification comes amidst ongoing discussions and criticism from opposition parties and consumer groups regarding the compatibility of older vehicles with E20 fuel and potential maintenance cost implications. The government, however, maintains that the transition is scientifically validated and backed by extensive laboratory and field testing.